Young Adulthood

OT121 lifetime maturation and chore II University of the Philippines capital of the Philippines College of each(prenominal) t aged(prenominal)ied Medical Professions Department of occupational Therapy Block 21 assembly lineal Therapy SS 2012 2013 late matureness Ms. Faith Deanne Mari B. Caube 16 January 2013 YOUNG ADULTHOOD ? ? grow Range 20 40 classs old Difference of reproduction o Changes collectible much to in-person, accessible, cultural events rather than chronological or biological wobbles o Hallmark of maturity adapt and change in accordance to new conditions o More gradual changes does non destinationure nrustly into a st eld development theory o The immemorial meaning of bad is social (Rice, 1995). ? Changes argon attri neverthelessed to social factors and consanguinitys o pronounced by culturally defined milest unitarys, and by intentions and consanguinitys that ar part of cycles of family and pass years (Craig, 1996) ? The relationships th at you will build during this st shape up be relatively permanent. The Age measure ? rehearsed to define or judge behaviors, expectations, and pressures of adulthood ? M other(a)wisehood ? Physically- subject jobs ? They may consider themselves old be grammatical case they atomic number 18 no longer fusillade to do previous easy tasks. Definitions of Age o Biological age liveliness expectancy o Psychological age adaptation to surroundal demands o brotherly age in comparison to cultural norms adulthood o Needs a certain social and biological factors o More dependent on psychological factors ? Physical and social license and autonomy ? Independent decision making ? Stability ? Wisdom ? dependableness ?Integrity ? Com lovingness o Maturity is the psychological ability to acidulate and to get along (Freud). PHYSICAL CHANGES ? Physical status o full-of-the-moon stop of vitality, wellness, strength, energy, and heroism ? 25 years old is the prime in terms of strength. All motor governing bodys are at wind during this age. ? Dispatch the young to do battle. OT 121 Lifespan Development and subscriber line II Young cock-a-hoophood ? ? ? Peak of sensorimotor skills ? 25 30 prime of material conditioning, strength, motor skills, pipe organ dutying ? 20 -40 peak of visual acuity ? 20 -45 peak of taste, smell, temperature, and pain sensation ?Gradual hearing loss (more ap kick upstairs afterwardswards 25 particularly with high pitched sounds) o Most bodily decline occurs after 30s (10% loss until 60s) Fitness and wellness o by and large healthy age period o Health figure of speechs established in young adulthood are generally resistant to change ? Adolescence is a storming period of change only if when one enters young adulthood, it is expected that one? s biological systems are already stabilized. Common Illnesses due to occupational hazards o Chronic back pain by e verywhereworking selves and the take of stress o Respiratory illnesses o Premenstrual syndrome o cozyly transmitted diseases ?Highest among young adults and adolescence ? Due to poverty, dose employment and risky put awayual activity o HIV 40 million tribe infected worldwide, 95% from growth world ? Males lead cause of conclusion ? Females fourth cause of demise Common Causes of Death o 3 causes that bank bill for 72% in the earliest 20s and 51% among 25 34 year olds ? Accidents ? Homicide ? Suicide o AIDS single leading cause of death in males aged 25-44 o YA has the lowest death rate among adult groups However, in the entire adult life storyspan, young adults have the lowest death rate. oMORBIDITY o Defined as the position of illness o Symptoms ofttimes appear in YA ? familialally-determined diseases (diabetes, sickle cell anemia) (hypertension, ulcers, ? Stress-linked depression) Page 1 BLANCO MARIANO QUEMADO VILLON ? Factors cerebrate to Health stance o Genetic factors ? However, if purely genetics, it should be seen early ( secure after birth) ? Multi-factorial diseases (genetics and environmental) ? Diabetes ? Atherosclerosis (narrowing of vessels due to fat planks) ? Obesity ? Cancer health conditions ? reachtal predisposed to come away during YA such as schizophrenic disorder o Health threatening behaviors ?Nutrition and cholesterol ? You are what you eat ? Carotenoid-rich diet littleer observe of heart disease ? Plant-based diet decrement of buttockscer risk ? High-fat diet ? Colon and prostate cancer ? change magnitude cardiovascular risks ? Obesity ? Measured using body mass force 2 ? BMI Kg/m If BMI 25, overweight If BMI30, obese ? World-wide epidemic (WHO, 2001) ? why? Fast food culture Labor saving technology Genetic tendency leptin response insufficiency Leptin tells the brain that one is already full Some clinically obese may not respond to leptin anymore ?May lead to activated problems and other diseases ? Physical activity ? sedentary lifestyle is one of worlds 10 lead ing causes of death and disability ? ingest ? Leading preventable cause of death in US ? ingest and cancer ? Alcohol ? College is prime time and place for drinking (Papalia, et al. , 2004) cause poor academic ? Can action ? Can increase other risks for other diseases ? Alcohol in moderation can decrease the risk of heart diseases in the long run (i. e. red wine). ? Drug use ? Peak at 18 to 20 years old ?Decreases as adults increase in maturity, settle d have got and take responsibility o Marijuana and cocaine use can lead to memory loss, watchfulness deficits, cognitive deficits, and in some cases death Indirect influences on health status ? Socioeconomic status ? Income ? Education ? Higher socio-economic status and education generally lead to less exposure to health hazards ? Gender ? birth ? Social ties ? Emotional carry ? join ? Strong social environment leads to less risks in psychological illnesses. ? ? ?Healthy Habits o Sleeping on a regular terms for 7-8 hours each n ight o Eating regular meals o non snacking o Eating and exercising moderately o Not smoke o Drinking in moderation Preventive Measures o stock screening test o Self examination o prim body mechanics o Ergonomics SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL CHANGES ? Theories on Social and Emotional Issues of Young Adults o normative-stage model Erikson person-to-personity changes ? Erik end-to-end life ? Development follows basic sequence of age-related social and stirred changes ? Normative events happens to all people of certain age ?Changes are attributed to age/ biology alone o Timing of events model ? Development depends on the occurrence of certain events ? Events that happens off-time (losing a job, un aforethought(ip) pregnancy) ? Events that do not occur (singlehood, softness to have a pincer) ? If on time smooth development ? If not stress would occur ? Factors instilling response on events ? Anticipation and cookery ? cognitive understanding ? Health ? Personality ? Life history ? behave systems ? Personality, support system and understanding play a big contribution on how one deals with unexpected events o Erik Eriksons periods th ?Intimacy versus isolation 6 stage Page 2 BLANCO MARIANO QUEMADO VILLON OT 121 Lifespan Development and Occupation II Young due date o o Deep personal truenesss to others ? If one does not reach intimacy, one may become selfabsorbed. ? isolation for self-reflection ? Sacrifice and compromise are needed in a relationship ? YA with strong sense of self are ? Ready to fuse their individualism with another ? True Genitality mutual orgasm in a pleasing hetero trip outual relationship ? Re effect of this stage = LOVE ? The perils of not fulfilling the vivid procreative urge. The notion that singles are dysfunctional. George Vaillants Adaptation Theory ? Persons change and develop through their lives ? Persons? lives are influenced by quality of relationships with others and not by isolated traumatic events ? The take aim of mental health influences adaptation to life situations ? Typical pattern ? Men in 20s dominated by proves ? Men in 20s and 30s age of establishment autonomy, marriage, shaverren, deepened friendship ? Men in 23-35s- age of consolidation doing what require to be done ? Men in 40s age of transition, questioning commitments, soulsearching or midlife crisis ?Four Adaptive Mechanisms ? Mature humor, aid others, being altruistic psyschosomatic ? Immature symptoms (i. e. no physical reason but feels pain) ? insane distorting or denying reality ? Neurotic developing irrational fears (i. e. developing anxiety) Daniel Levinson? s Life Structure Theory ? Evolving life structure ? Underlying pattern or design of a person at a presumptuousness time ? grades with tasks and accomplishments ? Has transitional phases for reflection in surrounded by ? 17-33 Entry configuration of YA ? Build first provisional life structure and emotional ? monetary independence ?Dream of future ach ievement ? Age 30 enactment ? Reevaluate entry life structure ? 30 onwards Culminating Phase ? Settles down ? Set goals that are time bound ? ? ? Anchors life convert ? Period of preparation to enter the adult world ? Disequilibrium comes due to many an(prenominal) choices an adult has to make ? Periods of stability and instability ? Response depends on self-definition ? cognizance of strengths and punynesses ? Purpose ? From adolescent to adult ? Taking responsibility for ones self ? make own decisions ? Redefining relationships with parents negotiation of ? Complete autonomy ? independence ? Emotional Independence free from parental dependence, one can make decisions on their own ? Attitudinal Independence hold own beliefs, depends on strength of personality ? in operation(p) Independence support self ? Conflictual Independence guiltless feeling close to separation with parents ? From student to worker ? shits defines daily schedule, social contacts and opportunities for personal development ? During YA, work defines who you are. relationship ? Reciprocal between substantive complexity of work to a persons flexibility in coping with cognitive demands ?From active with parents to living alone (culture bound) ? Moving from family of origin to family of procreation ? Taking over day to day problems and financial support ? Relationships ? Seek emotional and physical intimacy ? Erikson crucial task of adulthood ? Important to do Self-disclosure revelation important information almost oneself to another ? Skills needed ? Self-awareness ? Empathy ? Ability to put across emotions ? Sexual decision-making ? Conflict resolution ? Ability to sustain commitments OT 121 Lifespan Development and Occupation II Young Adulthood Page 3 BLANCO MARIANO QUEMADO VILLON The genius of intimacy ? May not let in sexual contact ? Invokes a sense of belonging, emotional connection ? The need to form strong, stable, close lovingness relationship is a powerful motiva tor of human behavior (Papalia, et al. , 2004) ? The strongest emotions are invoked by intimate relationships. (Both unafraid and bad you bring out the beat out and worst in me) ? Need responsiveness to each others needs, mutual acceptance, and respect ? Sternbergs angulate Theory of Love ? INTIMACY, PASSION, COMMITMENT these 3 parts need to be impersonate to form a real consummate relationship ?When you a love someone, you have to keep a PIC ? INTIMACY Emotional part Self disclosure connection, warmth and trust ? PASSION Motivational element Inner drive ? physiological arousal into desire. Cannot be controlled as it is a response of sensory physiological functions ? COMMITMENT Cognitive element determination to love and to stay with the beloved Patterns of Loving TYPE I P C Nonlove (interpersonal relationships) Liking Infatuation (love at first flowerpot) Empty Love (long term relationship that lost intimacy and passion/arranged marriages)Romantic Love Compani onate Love (long term, committed friendship in marriage with diminished physical attraction) Fatuous Love (whirlwind courtship) Consumate Love ? ? ? ? ? ? ? date Practices of Filipino YA o Can start as early as 12 years of age (Medina, 1991) o Non- handed-down answers ? Speed dating ? Females paid for own share ? Open relationships ? Internet/other virtual stage setting animated relationship o Seeking love, companionship and sexual fulfillment through a relationship with a person of alike sex Lesbians are more likely to have stable monoganous relationships than gay men. Gay and lesbian partners living tog ethyl ether tend to be committed as married couples o Issues with custody, adoption, taxation, insurance and societal acceptance still follow Filipinos and Gay Relationship o Christian values and social norms scan it as a sin (unnatural or immoral) to engage in a gay relationship o Greater scorn in low-middle classes o May never have complete coming out due to press ure from society and family Marriage o best way to promise orderly raising a barbarianren o Provides intimacy, commitment, friendship, affection sexual fulfillment, companionship, emotional growth, and new sources of personal identity and self-esteem Adjusting to Becoming a Spouse or Partner o Making joint decisions o Pooling of income o subsisting together ? Tests the relationships as the little that may annoy the partner are revealed. o Adjusting to each others families o Taking on roles as married man and wife o Meeting each others expectations Role of Extended Family among hook up with Filipino YAs o Serve as support systems o erstwhile(a) relatives as advisers o Younger relatives as companions (if couples are not withal going to have children) Divorce and Separation o In the Philippines, invalidation - legal separation, but one is not allowed to get married in the church again. It takes a long time foregoing annulment is granted. Cohabitation before marriage, having di vorced parents, bearing a child before marriage, having no child or having stepchildren are predictive whether a couple will end up separated or not o Reasons for divorce ? repulsion ? Lack of emotional support ? lack of course support ? wedding abuse ? Mismatch of expectations o do of Divorce ? Income (no support, source of stress) ? chores with identity and loneliness ? Anger and hostility ? Depression, alcoholism, sleep disorders, breakdown of immune system ? For the father, divorce can mean fewer rights to children, decline of income (support), less emotional support, negative impact on career o Divorce and barbarianren ? Effects of divorce depend on ? Age ? Sex ? Nature of relationship with custodial parent Page 4 BLANCO MARIANO QUEMADO VILLON oOT 121 Lifespan Development and Occupation II Young Adulthood ? ? ? ? Divorce in the Philippines ? Divorce is not ac surviveledged in the Philippines ? Cultural and apparitional influences affect acceptance of the practice ? Leg al separation and annulment legal (Family Code of the Philippines, Executive grade 209) but costly and frowned upon ? House bill 1799, An Act Introducing Divorce in the Philippines filed July 27, 2010 The single life o Social pressure to marry o More freedom to take risks in life and make choices o Haven? t found the right one? o Advantages ? finishs about self o Disadvantages ? Loneliness and solitude ? Social risks ? Economic risks no work, no money ?Physical risks depression, breakdown of immune system Cohabitation o Unmarried couple in a sexual relationship in a consensual or informal union (living together) o reticence for marriage/trial marriage o Partners may miss out on economic, psychological, and health benefits of marriage which has ? Long term commitment and security measures ? Greater sharing of resources ? Stronger community connection o Advantages ? Getting to know each other ? Understanding intimate relationships ? Clarifying what you want earlier o Disadvantag es ? Social stigma ? Over involvement (isolation from friends) ? Sexual risks ? comprehend loss of identity ? Over dependence ? Discomfort on equivocalness of situation ? Distance from friends o Cohabitation in Philippines ? 2. million Filipinos populateing (NSO, 2000), 18% of which between 20-24 years old ? 35% agree that live in arrangements are acceptable for couples intending to marry, 20% for couples do not ? 36% decide to cohabit because of economic reasons, 23% because of pregnancy, 15% as a dry run, 13% too young to marry, 3% not allowed to be married by parents, 2% lacking necessary documents Expression of sexuality o Decision to lead lifestyle o To marry and have a child o Engage in premarital sex o viewing who you are and how you relate to others in a manner of dress, roles fulfilled and druthers for partner Sex, Homosexuality and Bisexuality in Philippines o Cultural and religious values still a major influence o ? ? ? ? change magnitude tolerance compared to previou s years, though limited to certain groups o hidden practices in order to avoid discrimination from society o go along use of derogatory terms Parenthood o Change from traditional family in western industrial families o Trend to have less children and bear them later in life ? Increased maturity and commitment ? Decreased economic advantage of having large family ? Overpopulation and hunger in developing countries o Becoming parents ? Changes in identity and inner life ? Shifts in roles and relationships within marriage ? Changing roles and relationships outside of family (female person and work) ? vernal parenting roles and relationships ? Shifting in previous mindset that fathers are breadwinners and mothers the primary caregivers ? Having a baby can affect marital satisfaction ?Less satisfaction when pregnancy is planned involvement means ? Increased increased satisfaction ? Low self-rating as parents decreased satisfaction o defends of Parenting ? Image-making symbolise (con ception to birth) creating images of self as parents ? Nurturing Stage (birth to 2 years) ) attachment of baby, balancing needs of child with emotional commitment and time spent with significant others ? endorsement Stage (2 to 5 years) examining pillowcase of parent one has become and will be ? Interpretative Stage (6 to 11 years) reexamining and testing long-held theories ? Interdependence Stage (12 to 18 years) re-asserting self as authority, competing and comparing self with children ?Departure Stage (leaving home) taking stock of performance as a parent Having Children o marriage? s crowning(prenominal) fulfillment (Papalia & Olds, 1995) o children give companionship, love and happiness o will emotional and financial support in later years o psychological value for success to parents o give meaning to life Remaining Childless o Financial burden of raising a child o Fears if becoming less attractive or ever-changing relationship with spouse o Enjoying freedom to travel and make decisions o Concentrating on careers or causes o Worries on being a parent superstar parenthood o Exhausting, continual struggle Page 5 BLANCO MARIANO QUEMADO VILLON o OT 121 Lifespan Development and Occupation II Young Adulthood o o o o oOnly one of the twain parents is present, may include spouses of OFWs Less financially secure than when with a partner fuss coping with demands and making decisions Balancing work and raising a child Extended families provide invaluable support ? ? Adult Friendships o Single young adults have more friends than of middle-aged and older adults o YA examine friendships for social stimulation and new info later on in life will value friendships that are long-lasting and equitable o Socio-emotional selectivity theory ? Greater emphasis on fulfilling own emotional needs ? Limited time left to live o Center on work, parenting activities, and sharing of confidence and advice o Varying quality of friendships ? Intimate and substantiating ? F requent conlfict ? Common interests ? Lifelong or fleeting COGNITIVE CHANGES o Piagets Cognitive Stage ? Formal operational thinking ? Introspection ? glom thinking ? Logical thinking ? Hypothetical thinking o culture Pocessing Skills ? Vocabulary declines after 59 related more to educational level rather than age ? Sentence comprehension deteriorates at 60 but may be attributed to hearing acuity ? Prose comprehension young check than old ? Better at understanding short prose passages ? Better at remembering short prose passages ? Indication of capacity of working memory storehouse ? ? Primary (short term/working memory) ? Secondary) ? Episodic (events, how things happened) ? Semantic (facts) (left when amnesia strikes in) ? adjective (how-to) Creativity ? ? Break from procedural thinking ?Problem solving that produces fiction solutions ? Increase steeply from 20s to late 30s to early 40s before gradually declining ? Historians/scholars peak in the 60s and decline after ? Scient ists peak in 40s, decline in 70s ? Artists peak in 30s to 40s and decline steeply after ? Differences within field poets before novelists, mathematicians before scientists o Trends in cognitive capacities ? Information affect at its peak OT 121 Lifespan Development and Occupation II Young Adulthood o o Better education suggests better chance of further increasing IQ in adulthood ? Type of escape/interest/expertise can affect which skills are honed ? Skills frequently utilise are maintained ?Judgment and reasoning continue to develop passim life Beyond Formal Operation Thought Draws on comprehension and emotion and logic Experience and nuanced thinking Capacity to deal with uncertainty, inconsistency, contradiction, and compromise Born of experience and years of dealing with different situations sendformal thought Problem Finding Stage ? Raising questions from problems ? Involves dialectical thinking (accepting contradictions, exposure to twain sides of problem) and wisdom (pr agmatic knowledge acquired through time) ? Seeing shades of gray ? buy the farm a single logical system ? Reconcile conflicting ideas Post Formal Thought ? ? Shifting gears this might work on theme but not in real life ? Multiple causality, ninefold solutions let? s try it your way if it doesn? t work, let? s try it my way ? Compromise, there are more than 1 solution most of the time ? Pragmatism if you want the most practical solution, do this the fastest, do that ?Awareness of paradox doing this will give him what he wants, but it will only make him unhappy in the end ? fill out the consequences of the actions and the eventual implications that may be opposite to what was expected would happen Schaies Stages of Adult Cognitive Development Achieving stage (late teens to early 20s-30s) ? ? Knowledge for independence and competency ? utilise what one knows to pursue goals (career, family) Responsible stage (late 30s to early 60s) ? ? Using what one knows to solve practical p roblems associated with responsibilities to others (family members, employees) ? For long-range goals Sternbergs Triarchich Theory of Intelligence o Componential (analytic) ? How efficiently one processes information ?Knowledge on how to solve problems, monitoring device solutions, evaluate results o Experiential (insightful/creative) ? How people approach novel or familiar tasks ? Knowledge on how to compare new information with old and integrate this information in the palanner o Contextual /Practical ? How people deal with the environment Page 6 BLANCO MARIANO QUEMADO VILLON ? ? ? Knowledge on how to mind at a situation and decide how to look to move forward/get over with it. Involves tacit knowledge (inside information) Self-management caution of task Management of others Studies imply that componential intelligence grow until midlife. ? MORAL CHANGES Kohlbergs Stages of clean-living Development ? o Postconventional Morality ?Stage 5 Morality of Contract, Individual Right s, and Democratically accept Law ? Stage 6 Morality of Individual Principles of Conscience ? What is right is what gives justice and is right for all individuals Morality in YA ? o Cognitive awareness if principles comes in adolescence but commitment happens in adulthood o Growth influenced by ? Encountering conflicting values away from home ? cosmos responsible for others Moral reasoning ? Stage 5 ? o Social contract where rules must be obtained through democratic consensus for will or majority and maximizing social welfare o Understanding of primal purpose of truth o Calls for change in a law that compromises basic rights Stage 6 ? Defines right and wrong on basis of selfgenerated principles that are broad and universal in application o Moral musical chairs as it depends on every situation, every context o Discovers through reflection Stage 7 ? o Why be moral? o Post-Kohlberg theorists o Equated to concept of self-transcendence o Achievement of cosmic perspective (i. e. nirva na) Sample Situation There was a woman who had very bad cancer, and there was no treatment known to medicine that would accomplish her. Her renovate, Dr. Jefferson knew that she only had 6 months to live. She was in terrible pain, but she was so weak that a soundly dose of pain killer like ether or morphine would make her die sooner. She was delirious and almost nauseous with pain, and in her calm periods, she would ask Dr. Jefferson to give her ether to kill her.She tell she couldn? t stand the pain and she was going to die in a few months anyway. Although he knows mercy killing is against the law, the doctor thinks about granting her request. ? Stage 5 Yes, give her the drug o Although most of our laws have a sound basis in moral principle, laws against mercy killing do not. The doctor? s act is morally justified because it relieves the suffering of OT 121 Lifespan Development and Occupation II Young Adulthood ? ? the woman without harming other people. Yet he still must be h eld legally accountable because society would be damaged if everyone simply ignored laws they do not agree with. Stage 5 No don? give her the drug o The laws against mercy killing protect citizens from harm at the hands of unscrupulous doctors and selfish relatives and should be upheld because they serve a positive function for society. If laws were to be changed through the democratic process, that might be another thing. nevertheless right now the doctor can do the most good for society by adhering to them. Stage 6 Yes, give her the drug o We must consider the effects of this act on everyone concerned the doctor, the end woman, other terminally ill people and all people everywhere. elemental moral principle dictates that all moral people have a right to dignity and self-determination as long as others are not harmed by their decisions. Assuming no one else will be hurt, she has a right to live or die as she chooses.The doctor may be doing right if he respects her integrity as a person and saves her, her family, and all of society from needless suffering. Stage 6 No, don? t give her the drug o If we truly pose to the principle that human life should be valued above all else and all lives should be valued equally, it is morally wrong to play theology and decide that some lives are worth living and others are not. out front long, we would have a world in which life has no value. life story CHANGES Selection of career path ? o Depends on ? Interests, abilities, and personality ? Responsibilities ? educational level ? Gender ? Social class ? Proximity to workplace ? part ? Parental attitudes o Continues from an adolescents search for vocal identity, influenced by increasing realism ?YA gives you a perspective of what you can achieve, the only question is how to achieve it o Taking on increasing responsibilities o Entering college/getting specialized education o Getting work experience Entering the work force ? o Reality shock ? Expectations clashing wit h reality ? Source of licking and anger o Growth of competence and autonomy ? Positive role of mentors ? Independence and surpassing mentors o Growth of loyalty and commitment ? Maintaining fervor and commitment essential to mature satisfaction Page 7 BLANCO MARIANO QUEMADO VILLON ? ? ? ? ? Identifying with occupation, employer, intentness Gender-Based Adjustment o Males ? Roles they want to play ? Use of their abilities and training ?Authority ? Pay raises ? Job transfers o Female ? Use of their abilities, expectation, training ? spot of being in a dead end job because more opportunities for promotion are given to males ? Being stereotyped Factors that Affect career decisions o Work options/types o Changes in work skill demands (technology) o Flexibility of working time (home responsibilities) o Preparation for a particular job o Sexual stereotypes o Labeling of occupations o Security (permanent vs seasonal worker jobs) o Career goals o Personal values and expectations Job delight o Intrinsic factors ? Work challenge (bored or challenged? ) ? Interest ? Work competence ? AchievementIntrinsic factors are the concern of ? YA. o Extrinsic factors ? Salary ? Status/position ? Comfort of environment ? Work hours ? Supervision and employment practices ? Attitudes and support of colleagues ? Opportunities for advancement - concern form late YA and MA Other issues o Stress from work o Personal needs o input from work o Security o Actual work conditions occupational Hazards o Depends on type of work o Stress ? overweening work demands - subjective ? Little to no control of work order/areas o Danger of dissatisfaction which leads to low motivation, trouble-making behaviors and hostility ? Which may lead to unemployment ? ? ? item of marital satisfaction ? Materialism ? Physical competitiveness ? o Mid30s to 40s (midlife) ? modify by prominent physiologic changes ? Restricted activities Common Leisure Activities o Outdoor recreation o Parties/social activi ties o Sports and hobbies o honoring television o Arts and culture o Travel Factors that affect choice of leisure o Work o Finances o Health and mobility o Family and friends o Time o Community o Exercise Benefits of Leisure to YA o Dealing with stress o Providing social outlet o Maintaining health and wellness o Self-development - not be confined with work LEISURE CHANGES o 20s ? ? ? ? o 30s ? ?New interests New acquaintances Strong physical component Intensive social mixing unnatural by the decline of Social life FILIPINO CUSTOMS, BELIEFS, and EXPECTATIONS o Use of tabo/ dipper o Filipino value system/pamantayan ? Halaga (evaluative) right or wrong ? Diwa (spiritual) sacred or profane, strong or weak ? Asal (expressive) good or bad o archetype behavior for Filipinos would revolve near ? Industriousness ? Perseverance ? Patience ? Self-control o Kinship ? Child is central in linking people together Status as parent when child is born to ? them Status as grandparent when their ? children bear offspring ? Results in deep emotional attachment to parents, particularly mothers ?Marriage brings together two sets of kin and is sacred, special relationship ? Adoption as means of helping less fortunate relatives, and fulfillment of moral responsibility of married couples o Good reputation ? Emphasis on puri (personal honor or chastity) ? collide with of traditional values with Western values and practices ? Premarital and extramarital sex ? Emphasis on taking care of familys name o Ideal spouses ? Husband Good provider ? Good-natured ? Not cruel ? dangerous and dedicated worker ? Page 8 BLANCO MARIANO QUEMADO VILLON OT 121 Lifespan Development and Occupation II Young Adulthood o Not a inebriate Wife Good housekeeper ? Not quarrelsome ? Frugal and efficient coach ? Not lazy ? Sexually faithful ?Courtship in the Philippines ? Traditions include the following Visiting the female at her home ? Having a chaperon at all times ? Serenading ? Serving in the house of the female ? ? ? o ? More freedom in current times Marriage Customs and Beliefs ? Siblings must not get married within the same year as it brings misfortune and difficulties ? Necessary to postpone wedding after a death in the family ? Ceremonies in nuptial mass marriage paraphernalia which ? falls/touches the floor is bad luck Significance of ignitor candle, veil, ? and cord OT 121 Lifespan Development and Occupation II Young Adulthood Page 9 BLANCO MARIANO QUEMADO VILLON