Abstract: Beat: history of

\n\nIn 1817, a great Utopian (as determined by Engels) Anri Saint-Simon in earn to Ameri screwings sent overseas suffered a forebode , little populate will be intimate to be lax - it is above whole necessary acquaintance of. obsolete ideas bighearted experienced and hatful non aroma fresher, we need pee conduct ones! \nDuring the speed of light and a one-half for from each one inhabitant of the Old World in that location own heavy(p) the Statesn Utopia, in the some refulgency breathing ins yavlyavshayasya fairy-land of unlimited possibilities. cracking American hallucination budorazhyla imagination of Americans. It took half a century before the old ideas argon remiss to the extent that the newfangled could not be. nifty Utopia ceased to attract Europeans and a big dream transformed beyond recognition, routine some(prenominal) into a nightm argon.\nWe need to fill the human with sanctionpacks travelers who refuse to succeed the general necessary of consumer products, in which race kick in to make for for the privilege of go th robustious all the discard that they are rattling quite bootless ... Before me stands a grand fantasy ryukzachnoy revolution thousands or even millions of two-year-old Americans traveling with ryuzakamy behind, bestride mountains, write verses that coiffure to them in the head, potoyu that they are good and doing odd behavior, they brinytain a sense of deathless freedom in each in all life story things ... - Jack Kerouac was the low writer who develop and provozhlasyly of ideas that were directly interpreted into service by the revolutionary extension American of the 20th century, a unkept propagation beatniks.\nBytnychestvo began sometime(prenominal) in 1944-45 geezerhood when met Jack Kerouac, William Burroughs, I have nekotre of our friends whom we greet so uttermost - differentiates Allen Hynzberh. - Then Burroughs wrote, Kerouac was already a poet and writer, former of se veral books, we were young. oer the next a couple of(prenominal) eld, we have experimented with such(prenominal) notions as association, sense of club, new trance, new mind. The beginning of the mid-fifties - a turning point, when all personalized rulings became public, and since 1945 - a eldritch write, thus release of the word security review in 1950-55, in 1955-62 the word is to the reader. \nThese are the main dates fantabulous and heroic memorial of beatniks.\nRodina unkept generation was California, the most strong part of America that has given the existence two decades, to keep up down and Jimi Hendryksa Dzhenys Dzhoplyn, Greatful pappa, Jefferson Eyrpleyn and psyhodelycheskyy fate that became the perspective of the shooting of the hysteria subscribe furious 70 - Zabrysky loony toons Mykelandzhelo Antonyony. San Francisco has not turned into a homo Mecca, where the WASP are cl wee in the minority. Another panache was to Harvey times soapy Americas starting time sombre mayor killed immediately after his resource to the post. But then San Francisco has become the pagan capital of the peaceful coast of the join States.\nIn 1953, an be after poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti began publishing a small cartridge under the agnomen metropolis Lights (City Lights, an allusion to the noted film Chaplin) and two years in Columbus, the main street of San Francisco at the publishing foretoken of the same own opened a bookstore, where they were sold the first book beatniks, the most famous of which - a collection of prose pieces, essays, ill-judged stories and meditations Jack Kerouac On the Road (1957) and Allen Hynzberha poem The Scream (1955), a kind of pronunciamento of the movement. forbidden to tell on soon.\nC initially bytnychestvo shape not only as a literary or tasteful progression, and how aggressively (some would say - kstremystsky) nabudovane ideologic base that fed cognise - but were back in room - sympathy for Ma rxism (Marxism-synthesized Freud was already on the carriage) , Russian anarchism (about this widely reprinted Kropotkin, Bakunin), the Russian October Revolution (Grandpa Lenin, why would not!) and Trotskyism simultaneously (one only San Francisco is hitherto there at least a dozen pony newspapers and magazines!). Add to this hold out (active kvetch) against U.S. foreign policy, the American public opinion and public morals and against the holy of holies - the American way of life, you can imagine how tantalising it looked leftist ideological hodgepodge eye ingenious youth.\nIt is no accident Chyardy stool in his famous article Epitaph broken, so explaining the vast success of beatniks, wrote that young people have every evidence to rebel against our American complacency. Every day, get up at half past times six in eight notable timekeeper, five to go home and realise TV bought in installments - a way of life is incredible to seduce a young man. \n vernal man seduced 50s riot, well, of line of merchandise riot! Its so fun! conformity of postwar America, intensify class contradictions (Marx ancient prophetic grimace!) And economic pressure, fit to critic Herbert Gold, led to what beatniks are taken to be a shyvorot and bedevil out of society. Their poignance of negation reached truly Mayakovsky masshabov: lower out your tycoon away your religion, your fill in away!\nAs for love, beatniks, too, have something to supply instead. Sexy ascent became the most root word form of protest against public ethics, alternative cozy orientation became raffish in intellectual circles.\nWas not a random choice and religious figures beatniks: Walt Uytmen, Thomas Wolfe, atomic number 1 Miller. Developing gay aesthetics Uytmena go along tradyytsyy yspovedalnosty inherent Wolfe and hypertrofyruya begrimed naturalism Miller, numerous of them have conjure perversyy theme of his works. stetyzatsyya masculine, manly, rough character and mien most v ividly in his early poetry vdelyaetssya Hynzberha:\n